图片: Unsplash/Fusion Medical Animation 新冠病毒
2023年8月9日健康及卫生
世界卫生组织在今天发布的初步风险评估中将正在中、美等国快速流行的新冠变异株EG.5及其亚谱系列为“需要留意的变异株”，但基于目前可用的证据，该组织仍认为EG.5在全球层面对公共卫生造成的风险为“低”级别。
In the initial risk assessment released by the World Health Organization today (August 9), the new crown variant strain EG.5 and its sub-spectrum series, which is rapidly circulating in China, the United States and other countries, are "variant strains that need attention", but based on the current Given the available evidence, the organization still considers the risk to public health of EG.5 to be "low" at the global level.
根据这份评估报告，EG.5是奥密克戎变异株XBB.1.9.2谱系的一个后代谱系，首次报告于今年2月17日，并于7月19日被列为“监视下的变异株”。
According to the assessment report, EG.5 is a descendant lineage of the Omicron variant strain XBB.1.9.2 lineage, which was first reported on February 17 this year and listed as a "variant under surveillance" on July 19. Strain".
报告显示，截至8月7日，已有来自51个国家的7354份EG.5基因序列被上传至“全球共享所有流感数据倡议组织”（GISAID）：其中有2247份来自中国，占到30.6%；1356份来自美国，占到18.4%；1040份来自韩国，占到14.1%。
The report shows that as of August 7, 7354 EG.5 gene sequences from 51 countries have been uploaded to the "Global Initiative for Sharing All Influenza Data" (GISAID): 2247 of them are from China, accounting for 30.6% ; 1356 from the United States, accounting for 18.4%; 1040 from South Korea, accounting for 14.1%.
显著的增长优势
世卫组织表示，从全球来看，EG.5相较于其它流行的变异株有着显著的增长优势，其感染占比从6月19日到25日这一周的7.6%增至7月17日到23日这一周的17.5%。同一时期，EG.5在中国的流行率从24.7%上升至45%，在美国与韩国也分别达到了12.8%和19.3%。
Globally, EG.5 has a significant growth advantage over other prevalent variants, with its share of infections increasing from 7.6% in the week of June 19 to 25 to July 17, the WHO said. 17.5% for the week from 1st to 23rd. During the same period, the prevalence of EG.5 rose from 24.7% to 45% in China, and reached 12.8% and 19.3% in the United States and South Korea, respectively.
根据世卫组织的分析，EG.5是目前在美洲、欧洲和西太平洋地区流行的新冠变异株中增长最快的。据美国疾控中心的模型预测，EG.5在美国的流行率到8月5日或已升至17.3%。
According to WHO analysis, EG.5 is the fastest growing among the new crown variants currently circulating in the Americas, Europe and the Western Pacific. According to the model forecast of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of EG.5 in the United States may have risen to 17.3% by August 5.
Janssen 针对新冠病毒开展的研究。
尚无致病情况的证据
世卫组织在评估中还指出，虽然EG.5已表现出更高的感染率、增长优势和免疫逃逸特性，但到目前为止还没有报告说明其致病的严重程度发生了变化。在日本与韩国等国家，EG.5的流行率与新冠住院病例同时出现增长，但两者之间尚未产生关联。
The WHO also pointed out in the assessment that although EG.5 has shown higher infection rates, growth advantages and immune escape properties, so far there have been no reports of changes in the severity of its pathogenicity. In countries such as Japan and South Korea, the prevalence of EG.5 has increased at the same time as the number of hospitalized cases of new crowns, but there has been no correlation between the two.
不过，世卫组织仍然提醒，EG.5可能会造成感染病例激增，并在一些国家甚至在全球成为占据主导的新冠变异株。从整体上来讲，虽然EG.5从即日起被世卫组织列为“目前流行的需要留意的变异株”，但其风险仍被初步评估为“低”级别。
However, the World Health Organization still reminds that EG.5 may cause a surge in infection cases and become the dominant variant of the new crown in some countries and even globally. On the whole, although EG.5 has been listed by the WHO as a "currently circulating mutant strain that needs attention" from now on, its risk is still initially assessed as "low".
疫情报告不足影响评估
值得注意的是，在对EG.5致病严重程度和临床考量的评估方面，世卫组织的信心水平也处于“低”级别，这是因为各国的相关报告普遍缺乏可靠性，且病毒基因测序结果也不具有代表性。
It is worth noting that the WHO’s confidence level is also at “low” in terms of the assessment of the severity and clinical considerations of EG. The results are also not representative.
世卫组织总干事谭德塞在9日举行的例行记者会上指出，自他于今年5月宣布新冠疫情不再构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件以来，向世卫组织通报疫情数据的成员国数量就大幅下滑。在过去一个月里，只有25%的国家和地区报告了新冠死亡病例，而报告住院和重症监护病例的仅占11%。
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus pointed out at a regular press conference on the 9th that since he announced in May this year that the new crown epidemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, the epidemic data reported to the WHO has been limited. The number of member states fell sharply. In the past month, only 25% of countries and territories have reported deaths from COVID-19, while only 11% have reported hospitalizations and intensive care cases.
新冠疫情仍构成“高”风险
谭德塞强调，即便现在新冠病毒带来的重症和死亡风险比一年前要低得多，但世卫组织继续将新冠疫情对全球公共卫生构成的风险评估为“高”级别，因为“这种病毒还在各个国家流行，并且继续致死和变异”。
Tan Desai emphasized that even though the risk of severe illness and death brought by the new crown virus is much lower than a year ago, the WHO continues to assess the risk of the new crown epidemic to global public health as "high" because "this This virus is still circulating in various countries and continues to kill and mutate."
他表示，世卫组织正在跟踪包括EG.5在内的多种新冠变异株，“现在仍有可能出现一种更危险的变异株，导致感染和死亡病例的激增”。
He said that the WHO is tracking multiple variants of the new crown, including EG.5, "it is still possible that a more dangerous variant will appear, leading to a surge in infections and deaths."
Mufid Majnun/Unsplash 新冠疫苗接种。
长期建议
为此，根据他组建的新冠疫情审查委员会所提出的建议，谭德塞当天向成员国发布了持续管理新冠疫情的长期建议，其有效期将从8月9日当天一直持续到2025年4月30日。
To this end, according to the recommendations made by the New Crown Epidemic Review Committee he formed, Tan Desai issued a long-term recommendation to member states on the same day for the continuous management of the New Crown Epidemic, which will be valid from August 9th to April 30th, 2025. day.
在这些建议中，世卫组织特别强调，各国须保持对新冠疫情的协作监测，以发现病毒的重大变异，以及疾病严重性和人口免疫力的趋势。同时，各国还应向世卫组织或在开放来源中报告新冠疫情数据，特别是关于死亡和重症、病毒基因序列及疫苗效力的数据。
Among these recommendations, WHO particularly emphasized that countries must maintain collaborative monitoring of the new crown epidemic to detect major mutations in the virus, as well as trends in disease severity and population immunity. At the same time, countries should also report data on the new crown epidemic to WHO or in open sources, especially data on deaths and severe cases, virus genetic sequences, and vaccine efficacy.
谭德塞还提出，各国应当继续提供新冠疫苗的接种，特别是针对风险最大的群体；各国还应为新冠病例提供最佳临床护理，并继续致力于确保公平获取安全、有效且有质量保证的疫苗、检测和治疗。
Tan Desai also proposed that countries should continue to provide vaccinations for the new crown vaccine, especially for the most at-risk groups; countries should also provide the best clinical care for new crown cases, and continue to work to ensure equitable access to safe, effective and quality-assured vaccines. Vaccines, testing and treatment.
他明确表示，“世卫组织不会忘记新冠疫情，各国政府也不能忘记”；“落实这些建议不仅有助于抵御新冠疫情，还将帮助各国预防和应对其他疾病”。
He made it clear that "WHO will not forget the COVID-19 pandemic, and neither will governments"; "Implementing these recommendations will not only help fight the COVID-19 pandemic, but will also help countries prevent and respond to other diseases."
他同样指出，审查委员会也正在讨论持续管理猴痘疫情的长期建议，并将于本周晚些时候发布。
He also noted that the review committee is also discussing long-term recommendations for the continued management of the monkeypox outbreak, which will be issued later this week.
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