埃塞俄比亚复兴大坝落成 阿比·艾哈迈德向邻国传递信息 Ethiopia Inaugurates Grand Renaissance Dam as PM Abiy Ahmed Sends Message
亚的斯亚贝巴消息—— 埃塞俄比亚周二正式启用 非洲最大的水力发电大坝——复兴大坝（GERD）。这一项目不仅将为数百万埃塞俄比亚人提供电力，也象征着该国发展雄心的重要里程碑，但同时加剧了与下游国家埃及和苏丹的紧张关系。 复兴大坝位于青尼罗河上，耗资约 50亿美元，蓄水能力达 740亿立方米。埃塞俄比亚总理 阿比·艾哈迈德 在落成典礼上表示：“复兴大坝不仅属于埃塞俄比亚，也是全体非洲人的伟大成就。”他强调，该项目不会损害下游国家的发展，反而能创造共享的机遇。 埃塞俄比亚方面坚称，这一工程是国家主权的象征，并通过国内融资完成——其中 91%的资金来自中央银行，公民通过债券和捐款贡献了9%。大坝的建成被视为国家团结与自豪感的象征，在经历多次内战的国家，这种共识尤为罕见。 然而，埃及和苏丹 对此表达严重关切。埃及外交部发言人表示，将“采取一切适当措施”保护其人民的利益。埃及担心，在干旱期复兴大坝可能减少水流量，威胁到依赖尼罗河的 1.08亿人口 的生存。苏丹则要求签署具有法律约束力的协议，确保大坝的蓄水和运营透明，但也可能从防洪和廉价能源中受益。 专家指出，复兴大坝不仅是一项能源工程，更是地区地缘政治博弈的核心。它既象征着埃塞俄比亚发展的雄心，也暴露了尼罗河沿岸国家在水资源与安全问题上的深刻矛盾。 ⸻ English Version Addis Ababa — Ethiopia on Tuesday officially inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), Africa’s largest hydroelectric project. The $5 billion megadam, built on the Blue Nile, is set to provide electricity to millions of Ethiopians, but it has also deepened disputes with downstream countries Egypt and Sudan, casting a shadow over regional stability. With a storage capacity of 74 billion cubic meters and dimensions of 1.8 km wide and 145 m tall, the GERD represents a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s development ambitions. At the inauguration ceremony, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed hailed it as “a great achievement not only for Ethiopia but for all Africans,” stressing that the dam “will not harm the development of neighboring nations” but instead offer a shared opportunity. Ethiopia highlights the dam as a sovereign project, financed almost entirely domestically — 91% funded by the central bank and 9% through citizen bonds and donations. For a country torn by civil conflict, the GERD stands as a rare symbol of unity and pride. However, Egypt and Sudan remain deeply concerned. Egypt’s foreign ministry stated it would “exercise all appropriate measures” to defend its national interests, fearing the dam could reduce vital water flows during droughts. With over 108 million people relying on the Nile for nearly 90% of their freshwater, Egypt views the project as an existential threat. Sudan, while aligned with Egypt’s call for a binding legal framework, may also benefit from improved flood control and access to cheaper electricity. Analysts argue that the GERD is more than an energy project; it lies at the heart of a broader geopolitical struggle over the Nile’s waters. While it symbolizes Ethiopia’s aspirations, it also underscores the deep tensions among Nile Basin states regarding water security and sovereignty.
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