移民问题的错误信息和政治化正在“笼罩公共话语”

by Winny Power

7 May 2024Migrants and Refugees

Money sent home by migrants abroad has surpassed foreign direct investment in boosting the gross domestic product (GDP) of developing countries, UN migration agency IOM said in the latest edition of its flagship report, released on Tuesday.

联合国移民机构国际移民组织在周二发布的最新版旗舰报告中表示，海外移民汇回国内的资金在提高发展中国家国内生产总值（GDP）方面已经超过了外国直接投资。

World Migration Report 2024 reveals a significant shift in global migration patterns, including a record number of people displaced due to conflict, violence, natural and other disasters.

2024 年世界移民报告》揭示了全球移民模式的重大转变，包括因冲突、暴力、自然灾害和其他灾害而流离失所的人数创历史新高。

Speaking at the launch in Dhaka, Bangladesh, IOM Director General Amy Pope said the report aims to “demystify the complexity of human mobility through evidence-based data and analysis”.

国际移民组织总干事艾米·波普在孟加拉国达卡举行的发布会上表示，该报告旨在“通过基于证据的数据和分析揭开人员流动的复杂性”

Driving development and growth/推动发展和增长

International migration remains a driver of human development and economic growth, as highlighted by a more than 650 per cent increase in international remittances from 2000 to 2022, rising from $128 billion to $831 billion.

国际移民仍然是人类发展和经济增长的驱动力，从 2000 年到 2022 年国际汇款增长了 650% 以上，从 1,280 亿美元增至 8,310 亿美元。

Growth continued despite predictions that remittances would decrease substantially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

尽管预计汇款将因 COVID-19 大流行而大幅减少，但增长仍在继续。

Most of the money, $647 billion, was sent to low and middle-income countries, constituting a significant portion of their GDP – that is, the amount of money earned from the sale of all goods and services.

其中大部分资金（6,470 亿美元）流向低收入和中等收入国家，占其 GDP（即销售所有商品和服务所赚取的收入）的很大一部分。

Globally, these remittances now surpass foreign direct investment in those countries.

在全球范围内，这些汇款现已超过这些国家的外国直接投资。

Record displacement

The report also reveals ongoing challenges. Although most people continue to live in the country where they were born, an estimated 281 million people worldwide are international migrants, or roughly 3.6 per cent of the global population. Of this number, 117 million are displaced - the highest level yet.

报告还揭示了持续存在的挑战。尽管大多数人继续生活在他们出生的国家，但全球估计有 2.81 亿人是国际移民，约占全球人口的 3.6%。其中，1.17 亿人流离失所，这是迄今为止的最高水平。

IOM said migration is an intrinsic part of human history, but it is often overshadowed by sensationalized narratives and headlines that belie the reality on the ground.

国际移民组织表示，移民是人类历史的固有组成部分，但它常常被掩盖现实的耸人听闻的叙述和头条新闻所掩盖。

“Most migration is regular, safe, and regionally focused, directly linked to opportunities and livelihoods,” the UN agency affirmed. “Yet, misinformation and politicisation have clouded public discourse, necessitating a clear and accurate portrayal of migration dynamics.”

该联合国机构确认：“大多数移民是定期、安全且以区域为重点的，与机会和生计直接相关。” “然而，错误信息和政治化给公众话语蒙上了阴影，需要对移民动态进行清晰、准确的描述

Spotlight on Bangladesh聚焦孟加拉国

IOM chose Dhaka as the site for the report’s launch to both highlight Bangladesh’s efforts to support vulnerable migrants and promote pathways to regular migration and to recognize the country’s important role in shaping global migration discourse and policy.

国际移民组织选择达卡作为该报告的发布地点，既强调孟加拉国为支持弱势移民和促进正常移民途径所做的努力，又承认该国在塑造全球移民话语和政策方面的重要作用。

As a champion of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration, adopted in December 2018, Bangladesh has demonstrated a strong commitment to addressing migration issues and implementing policies that safeguard migrants' rights, IOM said.

国际移民组织表示，作为 2018 年 12 月通过的《安全、有序和正常移民全球契约》的倡导者，孟加拉国表现出了解决移民问题和实施保障移民权利的政策的坚定承诺。

The country’s Foreign Minister, Dr. Hasan Mahmud, said “Bangladesh will not only continue to act upon the pledges it has made for its domestic context but would also take up emerging issues and challenges pertaining to migration and development for informed deliberations at the international level.”

该国外交部长哈桑·马哈茂德博士表示：“孟加拉国不仅将继续履行其针对国内情况做出的承诺，还将讨论与移民和发展有关的新问题和挑战，以便在国际层面进行知情审议”。